Alpha-Ketoglutarate or AAKG is a kind of salt, amino salt to be precise that is being used in dietary and even body building supplement. The protein content that Alpha-Ketoglutarate produces is the ones responsible for producing different hormones that are responsible for muscle growth. Please take note that this is not something that can be compared with steroids. Alpha-Ketoglutarate just helps your body produce the right amount of body building hormones – it basically maintains the body system’s entire metabolic process. For people who have recently undergone surgery, this is what most surgeons recommend. It increases the level of insulin in the body and increased insulin means faster cell regeneration and faster wound healing.

Amylase is also sometimes called a starch blocker. As the name suggests, it prevents the body from absorbing dietary starches. It is present in the saliva. This is particularly benefits diabetic patients because it helps maintain and regulate the blood glucose levels. It also helps in maintaining and losing weight. It is effective in treating obesity. The ingested carbohydrates are broken down by the digestive enzymes which are then absorbed by the body. Amylase limits the capacity of the body in absorbing carbohydrates which are later on turned into glucose, a simple sugar, that can be used by the body as energy fuel.

Bioperine is a convenient and concentrated form of black pepper’s ingredient called piperine. Bioperine enhances bioavailability and absorption. Bioperine is a safe and pure nutritional piperine supplement. This is an alkaloid that is available from the fruits. Piperine is responsible for the ability of pepper to enhance the nutrients bioavailability. 95% piperine is present in Bioperine. Black pepper was popular as it was the most desired spice. The black pepper was useful in ayurvedic medicine as it increased the food digestibility. The pepper consumption shows positive indication by generating internal heat. The nutritional status is based on a person and his eating style. Bioperine enhances the heat production in the body and this result in food digestion and eventually the energy is used. Bioperine facilitates the bioavailability of nutrients in a broad range. Bioperine is considered to be a thermogenic local agent as it increases the thermogenic reactions. Bioperine is an apposite nutritional supplement identical to pepper that is to food.

Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Cellulase is a digestive enzyme that aids in the digestion of cellulose. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of glucose which is an excellent source of energy. Cellulase helps in the digestion of plant fibers which allow efficient distribution of nutrients. It also prevents bloating, Crohn’s disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Cellulase also helps in the production of anthocyanidins that is a potent antioxidant. It helps maintain a healthy skin and prevent cancer cells from developing. Cellulase also helps in the development and formation of lean muscles. It also aids in controlling and regulating blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels.

Coenzyme Q10, used by the body to produce energy for cells and as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 is a biologically active quinone with an isoprenoid side chain, related in structure to vitamin E and vitamin K.

Glucoamylase

Glycerol Phosphate is an anion or a negatively charged ion that is produced from glycerol and phosphoric acid after being acted upon by an enzyme called glycerol kinase. Any glycerophosphoric acid salt or ester are considered to be glycerol phospate. Gycerol phospate is what composes glycerophospholipids. Through dehydrogenation, glycerol phospate could be turned into a biochemical compound known as dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Due to some similarities of the name, glycerol 3-phospate is sometimes being confused with glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Idebenone is deemed an artificial analog of CoQ10, the coenzyme Q10, where a wide circulated claim is promoted that idebenone and Q10 have identical or similar properties. Idebenone, with the unpronounceable chemical name 2,3-dimethoxy-5methyl-6-(10-hyderoxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, is actually a biochemically improved ubiquinone, which is the original mitochondrial anti oxidant Q10. It was originally designed in Japan and is known outside of the United States as Mnesis and Cerestabon. It is believed to stimulate the Corpus Callosum, which is the brain area managing the intercommunication between the right and left hemispheres of the brain, improving the connection and thereby promoting creative thinking and speech. Besides the antioxidant properties, it is deemed a mood enhancer and as a topical crème it is used in the cosmetics to combat the aging process.

Inosine forms a compound that has been found to have its effects in energy metabolism. One must not mistake Inosine with amino acid. It’s better known as nucleoside and plays several beneficial roles. It participates in the metabolism of oxygen in the body, helps in the release of insulin, participates in the metabolism of protein synthesis and also facilitates the heart’s usage of carbohydrate. Inosine is good for those people who want to loose weight or just basically feel the need to remain fit and exercise, as inosine increases ones stamina to handle strenuous worok out sessions and extreme training programs. Inosine is safe both for men as well as women as it has negligible side effects.

Lipase is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the breakdown of fats ingested into fatty acids, which are then absorbed in the intestines. This fat-splitting enzyme is found in the blood, gastric juices, pancreatic secretions, intestinal juices and adipose tissues and hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Generally, people produce adequate amounts of lipase thereby not needing supplementation of such enzyme. But persons with Crohn’s disease, Cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease may not have sufficient lipase to acquire the nutrients from their food and additional lipase would be helpful. In cases of indigestion, supplements containing lipase and other pancreatic enzymes aided in reducing gas, the feeling of fullness and bloating after eating a meal high in fat. Lipase supplements are not to be given to children under 12 years of age. Nausea and stomach upset may occur as side effects and drug interactions with orlistat may render lipase enzymes inactive as orlistat blocks lipase from breaking down fats. Digestive enzymes like pepsin, betaine HCl, HCl and papain can destroy lipase enzymes; do not take these in with lipase supplements.

Magnesium, which is a mineral used by the body to help maintain muscles, bones, and nerves. Magnesium is also needed for energy metabolism and protein synthesis.

Maltase is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting disaccharide maltose to a more simple form of sugar such as glucose. Maltase is found in yeast, bacteria, and plants such as grains, barley, and starches. Although, it may be ingested in the diet as a supplement, maltase is produced by the body in the intestinal wall’s mucus membrane lining. It works by breaking down polysaccharides and amylose. It functions together with other enzymes such as amylase and glucoamylase in the digestion of foods that are rich carbohydrates. It also helps in relieving stomach discomforts and alleviates abdominal pains. It prevents Acid Maltase Deficiency (AMD).

Phytase is an enzyme that is normally produced in ruminants such as cattle, goat, and sheep. Phytase help the body break down phytic acid found in grains and oil seeds which are normally indigestible for non-ruminants such as humans and dogs. This helps release phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and other nutrients that the body needs. Phytase may be commercially produced by microbial fermentation. Phytase help in ensuring that nutrients, vitamins, and minerals are properly utilized by the body. It helps release phosphorus which plays an important role for bone growth. It also reduces the risks of heavy metal poisoning which may be caused by Dicalcium phosphate.

Potassium- Potassium is one of the essential minerals required for proper physiological functioning of the body. It plays an important role in the regulation of heart muscles. It helps to convert glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is essential for muscle formation. Potassium also helps to propagate nerve impulses by exchanging ion within cells and also helps in muscle contractions. It helps in balancing blood pressure. It controls the proper functioning of kidney. An average adult needs 3-5 gm of potassium daily. Due to deficiency of potassium, body observes tiredness. Other deficiency symptoms are weakness of muscles, low blood pressure, vomiting, poor kidney functions and Heart arrhythmias. Severe potassium shortages quickly direct to electrolyte disproportion which involves malfunctioning of nerves, kidney and heart.

Protease is a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of protein into simpler chains of peptides and into amino acids. It is a part of the main group of hydrolytic enzymes (also hydrolases) that catalyze hydrolytic reactions and are named for the substrates they produce. Two subgroups of proteases exist: (a) proteinases, which is for the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides; and (b) peptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids. Proteinases include pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Pepsin is found in the gastric juice while trypsin and chymotrypsin are found in the pancreatic juice. Their differences lie in which enzyme is most effective in cleaving the bonds of certain amino acids. Pepsin, for example, is most effective for breaking bonds of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine. Peptidases include the aminopeptiddases and carboxypeptidases. The distinction is their site of origin. Aminopeptidases come from intestinal juices while carboxypeptidases origate from pancreatic juices. Supplementation of proteases assists in the digestion of proteins and hence, its absorption. Better absorption of amino acids aids in the formation of new cells and tissues supporting growth and increase in muscle mass as well as hastening wound healing and tissue repair.

Sucrase is a naturally occurring enzyme in the small intestine that aids in breaking down sucrose to form glucose and fructose. Sucrase is sometimes also referred to as invertase or saccharase. The official name used for Sucrase is beta-fructofuranosidase. Sucrase is commonly used in the food industry as an additive where in fructose is preferred. It is also used to improve the shelf-life of confectionaries. Sucrase is important in the body. When the small intestine fails to produce Sucrase, it may result in sucrose intolerance (Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency or CSID). It causes diarrhea, excess gas, flatulence, and malabsorption of sucrose. This is also related to the ability to hydrolyze the lactose.

Trimethylglycine, which is also known as betaine, due to the source it was discovered in, Beta vulgaris or sugar beets, is an organic compound that is deemed related to trimethylaminoethanol, or choline. To diversify it from other betaines, trimethylglycine is often called glycine betaine as well. Humans generally ingest betaine through their diet, because it is high in content in wheat, whole wheat, shellfish, sugar beets and spinach. It can also be formed in the human body out of choline. As a potential methyl donor, trimethylglycine, or TMG for short, is in the same provider group with Vitamin B12, the folic acid, choline and S-adenosyl methionine, or SAMe. TMG also plays a vital function in the production of carnitine, furthermore it works in protecting kidneys and the liver.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is known for protecting the tissues of the body from damage caused by free radicals.