Acesulfame Potassium is typically used as an artificial sweetener in many different products from drinks and foods to every day products such as toothpaste. Because it is so much sweeter than natural sugar, less of the product needs to be used. In fact, it is approximately 200 times as sweet as sugar. Acesulfame Potassium contains no calories so is beneficial as a dietary supplement when caloric reduction is desired. It is safe for use with no adverse effects. It is made by transforming acetoacetic acid with potassium. This combination creates a sweetener that is stable and can be used as a sugar substitute.

Calcium, a mineral vital to the human body, Calcium is necessary for many bodily functions, such as muscle contraction, and proper heart function.

Cocoa Concentrates is the concentrate of Theobroma cacao. It is cultivated for its seeds which are present in its pod shaped fruits. The extracts from its seeds have a number of health benefits. They are also used to make chocolate. Studies show that Cocoa extracts contain a high level of flavonoids, specifically epicatechin, which may have beneficial cardiovascular effects on health. The ingestion of flavonol-rich cocoa is associated with acute elevation of circulating nitric oxide, enhanced flow-mediated vasodilatation, and augmented microcirculation. Researchers also found that consumption of Cocoa can reduce risk of cancer and can reduce elevated blood pressure.

Iron is vital in human nutrition as the adult human body contains 3-4 grams of iron. Haem-iron and non-haem iron are the two types of iron. Foods rich in haem-iron include meat, liver, fish, and poultry. Foods that are high in non-haem iron are those of vegetable origin, like green leafy vegetables, cereals, legumes, oilseeds, nuts, dry fruits and jiggery. Iron is vital for numerous body functions, including hemoglobin formation, brain development and function, muscle activity, regulation of body temperature and catecholamine. Deficiency of iron affects immune system, reduces the number of T-cells and production of antibodies. Iron is also necessary for binding oxygen to body cells as its main function is oxygen transport and cell respiration. It works as an anti-cancer agent. Iron increases energy level of the body, improving physical performance. It prevents insomnia.

L-Alanine is considered as a supplementary amino acid. The presence of carbon atom in its composition leads to the formation of L alanine, which is organic in nature. The best sources of L-alanine would be fish, beef, pork and poultry. The various protein sources which are animal based would consist of a good amount of l-alanine. The alanine levels increases with the contraction of muscles in the body. L- alanine is used by the body to build proteins. It also helps in the transfer of nitrogen from the tissues in our body. It helps to draw blood sugar and hence acts as a good energy resource producer. This would be best suited for those who want a reduction in extra body fat.

L-Arginine is an amino acid which helps our body oxidize glucose and fat and increase the body’s lean muscle mass. It is responsible for performing many numerous functions in our body. Our body produces L-arginine with the helps of other enzymes, but at a fairly inefficient rate. So patients with a history of cardiovascular dysfunction or any other heart disease are likely to get benefited from L-Arginine supplementation. Supplements of L-arginine prevent platelet aggregation and lowers blood pressure. L-arginine when taken in safe amounts can benefit men having sterility problems. Many body-builders also use it as a supplement because it improves blood circulation and stimulates the release of nitric oxide which in turn dilates the blood vessel. High protein food like nuts, dairy products, meat, seafood and chocolate are rich in L-arginine.

L-Aspartic Acid is very significant in producing energy. Helps to move NADH to the proper energy producing section of the body. This allows the NADH to make ATP the fuel power for cells.

L-Cysteine- If two cysteine molecules are bound together by a disulfide structural unit, the amino acid dimer L-Cystine is formed. It is deemed a vital component of proteins, where formations of the disulfide bonds are made between and within protein molecules. It seems that thereby L-Cystine is determining to a significant amount the three dimensional structure of a prominent number of proteins. For instance, it has been determined that human hair contains about five percent of cystine. In case that the non-essential alpha amino acid cysteine is required by the body, the disulfide link is apparently readily reduced. While cysteine can be derived from protein rich sources such as meat, poultry and dairy products, L-Cystine, although present in these, is most abundantly found in undenatured whey proteins.

L-Glutamic Acid is a non-essential proteinogenic amino acid. Glutamate can give rise to alpha-ketoglutarate which is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle; this indicates the importance of this amino acid in cellular metabolism. It is involved in the excretion of excess nitrogen from the body. It has the ability to act as an excitatory neurotransmitter and its role in synaptic plasticity renders it important for memory and cognitive function. The flavor enhancer, monosodium glutamate is also manufactured from this substance. Even though it can be manufactured in the body, its supplementation can result in increased protein synthesis.

L-Glycine is the simplest of the amino acids with only a hydrogen atom for its functional group. Amino acids are building blocks of protein. L-Glycine is a proteinogenic amino acid; therefore, it actively takes part in the production of proteins in our body. It also acts as a biosynthetic intermediate; for instance, in the production of porphyrins. L-Glycine also acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is also used to buffer the pH in products ranging from antacids and analgesics to antiperspirants. It is also essential for the production of nucleic acids, bile acids and other amino acids.

L-Histidine is an amino acid that is essential to the body, but is not produced by the body. It is made available through various food sources. Histidine helps in the manufacture and repair of tissues in the body, and in the formation of red and white blood cells which help in the treatment of anemia. It is also used for the production of gastric juices by the stomach. A deficiency in Histidine can lead to cataract and rheumatoid arthritis. Besides this, it is also a well known component of the skin that protects it by absorbing the ultra violet rays of the sun. A variety of foods such as meat, legumes, seafood, nuts, poultry and dairy products are providers of the required amounts of L-Histidine.

L-Isoleucine is one of the amino acids besides the other two, L-Valine and L-Leucine. These are found in all the forms of life as proteins. They are as well obtainable in the diet through vegetable and animal sources. L-Isoleucine is good to regulated blood sugar as well the energy levels. It is also important in the synthesis of hemoglobulin and thereby increases endurance. L-Isolecuine gets metabolized in the tissues of the muscles and the opulent L-Isolecuine sources are almonds, cashews and soy protein. Hence, this is prominent among athletes and is taken in combination with the other two amino acids, L-Leucine and L-Valine. L-Isoleucine is required for the formation of hemoglobin and also regulates as well as stabilizes the energy levels. The other food sources of L-Isoleucine are eggs, meat, fish, rye, chickpeas, chicken, liver and lentils. People suffering from physical and mental disorders are usually deficient in L-Isoleucine. These amino acids are required for the synthesis of enzymes, structural protein and for hormones.

L-Leucine is useful in conjunction with L-Valine and L-Isoleucine as an amino acid supplement. L-Leucine is an amino acid that a body cannot produce on its own. It is expected to be received externally from food sources such as brown rice and nuts or even through some of the dietary supplementation. L-Leucine is showing numerous advantages in the athletic qualities. Within six week of training with L-Leucine in association, a person is able to maximize the aerobic power. In the six weeks the strength and power in the upper body increases. However, research and studies is limited carried on the athletic performance. L-Leucine incorporated into the muscle protein in continuation with two weeks exercise regime will give adequate resistance and the muscle protein synthesis will certainly show an increase. L-Leucine is a preservative of the muscles, but is as well a supplement that enhances the capabilities of muscle building owing to the enhanced protein synthesis rate.

L-Lysine- Lysine is an essential alpha amino acid that needs to be ingested and cannot be synthesized by the human body. Sources of L-Lysine include meat, particularly red meat, lamb, poultry and pork, but also cheeses, like parmesan, some fish like cod and sardines and eggs. Several plants are rich in L-Lysine, soybean, lentil, spinach and buckwheat, but also buffalo gourd, watercress, locust bean and many other bean variants, including the common bean. L-Lysine is deemed vital for the overall production of protein, as a structural building block. It seems that L-Lysine also plays a prominent part in the absorption of calcium. Further properties include playing a role in the production of enzymes, hormones and antibodies, but also in the recovery from sports injuries and surgeries.

L-Methionine is an essential amino acid, actually an alpha amino acid, furthermore classified as nonpolar. This proteinogenic amino acid is the only one, besides cysteine, which contains sulfur. Methionine serves as an intermediate of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, but also lecithin, taurine, carnitine and cysteine. If methionine cannot be properly synthesized, the condition can lead to atherosclerosis. While it must be supplied with diet, this amino acid is deemed a powerful antioxidant, believed to be a scavenger of free radicals, and may assist with the breakdown of fats. Sources of L-Methionine include poultry and related products, including eggs, but also other meats, such as beef, cheese and fish. Methionine adenosyltransferase is converting methionine to S-adenosylmethionine, SAM, which in turn is involved in the creation of creatine, epinephrine, melatonin and further substances.

L-Phenylalanine- The human body needs L-Phenylalanine for survival as it is an essential amino acid. It is found in food items that are rich in protein such as eggs, meat, dairy products, beans and fish. Since the body cannot produce L-Phenylalanine from other chemicals, you need to increase the intake of protein for fulfilling the nutritional needs. L-Phenylalanine is one of the chemical forms of Phenylalanine, an amino acid. It helps in building up of several proteins produced by human body. L-Phenylalanine supplements act as an appetite suppressant as it initiates the release of cholecystokinin, an intestinal hormone. Once this hormone enters the stomach, it signals your brain that you are not hungry anymore. According to experts, you should not take more than 500-1000 mg of L-Phenylalanine per day.

L-Proline, an organic compound, is one of the non-essential amino acids that the human body can synthesize on its own from glutamic acid. With only the L-stereoisomer appearing in mammalian protein, it is a precursor of collagen, along with vitamin C. Proline and its derivative, hydroxyproline, make up about 21% of the amino acid component of collagen. Collagen is the fibrous part of connective tissue found in tendons, ligaments, arteries, veins and myocardium as well as in the skin rendering their elasticity and functionality. It also aids in reducing the sagging and wrinkling of skin due to sun exposure. Persons with traumatic injuries, severe burns and had undergone surgery may find proline supplementation helpful in wound healing as it provides additional building block for protein that constitutes most of body tissues. Proline also increases the formation of collagen thereby hastening wound healing. Excessive intake and supplementation of amino acids may interfere in the usual citric acid cycle and may disrupt the nitrogen balance rendering the kidneys and liver to function harder. Persons with diagnosed or suspected liver or kidney disease should consult their professional health care provider before using this supplement.

L-Serine is a non-essential amino acid synthesized from the amino acids glycine and threonine. It is involved in the biosynthesis of other amino acids as well as nucleotides and has a role in cell proliferation. Amino acids are generally important because of their role as building blocks of proteins. Serine is a component of some membrane phospholipids. It is also involved in the manufacture of brain proteins and neurolemmocytes. It aids the immune system with the production of antibodies and immunoglobulins. It is a precursor of the amino acid tryptophan which has a number of benefits, and it acts a precursor to the important mood regulator, serotonin. So the availability of serine is also advantageous for the production of serotonin and tryptophan.

L-Threonine is an essential alpha amino acid, classified as polar. There are three proteinogenic amino acids that have an alcohol group, besides threonine there are tyrosine and serine. Like many other amino acids that are not synthesized in humans, threonine needs to be ingested through protein food sources that contain it, namely meat, poultry, cottage cheese, fish, sesame seeds and others. When ingested, threonine goes either through the threonine dehydrogenase and becomes pyruvate or, as in humans, it can be converted by the enzyme serine dehydratase to alpha ketobutyrate and continue towards succinyl-CoA. Threonine is also supposed to assist the protein balance by maintaining normal growth, but in addition to that, it seems to support the immune system, the central nervous system, the liver and the cardiovascular system.

L-Tryptophan- Tryptophan is an essential amino acid as well as within the group of only twenty standard amino acids that are required by the human diet. It is one of the building blocks required for protein biosynthesis. It is also viewed as a precursor to serotonin and thereby also melatonin, niacin and also auxin. Interestingly enough, lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption have the side effect that tryptophan is only improperly absorbed in the intestines which leads to diminished levels of it in the system. Dietary sources of tryptophan are plentiful, it can be found in red meat, poultry, fish, milk, milk products, peanuts, mangoes, dates, chocolate and oats, among others. As a dietary supplement tryptophan has found applications as a safe sleeping aid and also as a calming agent.

L-Tyrosine is a proteinogenic polar amino acid, deemed not essential because it can be synthesized by the human body. As a member of the amino acid group that is being used by cells to build proteins, this building block derived its name from the Greek word tyros, which means cheese, because it was discovered in the cheese protein casein. L-Tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine and can be found in foods high on protein, like soy products, poultry, cheese, bananas, dairy products and several seeds, including the sesame seeds. The unique phenol functionality and the occurrence in proteins that belong to the signal transduction process, make this amino acid different. Tyrosine can be converted by tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme into levodopa, a psychoactive drug that is used, among other uses, for clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It is also involved in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.

L-Valine is an essential alpha amino acid and one of the three essential branched chain amino acids found in the human body. The other two essential BCAAs are leucine and isoleucine. The name is derived from the plant valerian. Valine is also classified as nonpolar and is known by sickle cell disease sufferers as the substitute amino acid for the glutamic acid, whereby the hydrophobic qualities of valine cause the hemoglobin to not fold correctly. Just like the other three BCAAs, the primary source of valine is through ingestion of proteins, where valine is a component; some such sources would be fish, peanuts, poultry, cottage cheese, lentils and sesame seeds. L-Valine is found in large quantities in muscles, whereby in the muscle metabolism it is essential for the restoration and tissue growth.

Maltodextrin is a food additive which is a short chained starch sugar. it is a sweetener with less calories than sugar. Often used in supplements.

Soy Lecithin- Although lecithin is a word that is derived from the Greek "lekithos" that translates to "yolk of an egg", the biggest source of lecithin is in fact soybean. Lecithin is nothing but a combination of phospholipids that are naturally present in soybeans and is thus an excellent source of choline. In the absence of choline, the cell membranes are bound to become hard preventing any kind of nutrient exchange. Soy lecithin powder can be easily incorporated into your culinary and body care recipes since it acts as an emulsifier, thickener, mild preservative, emollient, moisturizer, and stabilizer. For the same reason, it is used in food as well as cosmetic products alike. Lecithin also plays an important role of moving cholesterol through our bodies and its ability to bind chemically with cholesterol actually helps in reducing cholesterol levels. It also helps in treating neurological disorders, psoriasis, gallstones, diabetes, and anemia.

Sucralose is an artificial sweetener that is about six hundred times sweeter than sucrose or table sugar, twice as sweet as saccharin, and thrice as sweet as aspartame. It is commonly used as sugar substitute because it contains zero-calories. It also helps prevent dental problems because sucralose does not cause cavities and tooth decay. It is not recognized by the body as a sugar or carbohydrate, thus, the body does not metabolize Sucralose. It does not affect the blood sugar level, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin production which are particularly important for those with diabetes. It also helps people who are trying to lose weight and are controlling their calorie intake because Sucralose allows them to enjoy some sweets guilt-free.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin with known toxicity. Although its toxicity has been exaggerated, it is a factor worth keeping in mind. Carotine is converted in the human body to Vitamin A, it comes from vegetable sources. Vitamin A is necessary for normal growth and for skeletal development.

Vitamin C is well known for its powerful ability to help boost the immune system as well as fight off damage causing free radicals. As an anti-oxidant, vitamin c binds with free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells. This damage can cause early aging and even has been linked to some cancers. By taking vitamin C supplements, you are helping prevent these free-radicals, as well as giving your immune system a boost as well. Vitamin C is integral to cellular metabolism as well and a lack of vitamin C can cause a myriad of issues, including scurvy.

Whey Protein Isolate comes from whey protein that is processed to remove the fat and lactose, but is usually lower in bioactive compounds. It is composed of more than 90% protein by weight, which may have a mild milky taste. Its main content, whey protein, is rapidly absorbed and its affordable price makes it the most common and preferred type of protein supplement available. it is a rich source of branched chained amino acids, which are used to support working muscles and stimulate protein anabolism. A specific amino acid, leucine has a significant role in commencing the transcription pathway that begins protein synthesis. Consumption of leucine in high amounts may promote the stimulation of protein synthesis speeding up recovery and wound healing as well as improving the adaptation to stress (i.e. exercise). There are ongoing studies with regards to another amino acid found in whey protein, cysteine, in improving the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. Contradicting results are being achieved and further scientific studies are needed.